Critical Swim Speed (CSS) is a measure of your sustainable swimming pace, often compared to a runner’s lactate threshold. By testing your 400m and 200m times, CSS provides a practical and accessible way to estimate the fastest pace you can maintain without exhaustion, making it a cornerstone metric in swim training.
Enter your 400m and 200m time trial results to calculate your CSS pace. Use format mm:ss or just seconds.
Training at or near CSS helps swimmers and triathletes improve endurance and efficiency in the water. Unlike short sprint times, CSS focuses on your aerobic capacity — your ability to maintain a steady, fast pace over longer distances. Coaches often use CSS to structure interval training, ensuring workouts are neither too easy nor unsustainably hard.
| Level | CSS Pace (per 100m) |
|---|---|
| Beginner | 2:15 – 2:30 |
| Intermediate | 1:55 – 2:10 |
| Advanced | 1:35 – 1:50 |
| Elite | 1:20 – 1:30 |
| World-Class | < 1:15 |
| Athlete | Event | Estimated CSS (per 100m) |
|---|---|---|
| Michael Phelps | 200m Butterfly | ~1:05 |
| Katie Ledecky | 800m Freestyle | ~1:08 |
| Caeleb Dressel | 100m Freestyle | ~0:55 |
| Sarah Sjöström | 200m Freestyle | ~1:05 |
| Ian Thorpe | 400m Freestyle | ~1:10 |
| Grant Hackett | 1500m Freestyle | ~1:12 |